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The number of debt instruments traded on one side of the transaction for a specified period multiplied by the face value of the debt instrument.

The price paid per $100 of a debt instrument’s face value traded. A debt instrument trading at par would have a price of $100. A price below face value (for example, $99.1) indicates that the debt instrument has traded at a discount. A price above face value (for example, $101.1) indicates that the debt instrument has traded at a premium.

Total long term debt divided by total shareholder equity.

An order that is valid only for the day it is entered. If the order is still outstanding when the market closes, it will be purged overnight.

A measure of accounts receivables compared to sales. Higher DSOs means a company’s receivables as a percentage of sales have increased, not a good sign.

A long-term debt instrument issued by corporations or governments that is backed only by the integrity of the borrower, not by collateral. A debenture is unsecured and subordinate to secured debt. A debenture is unsecured in that there are no liens or pledges on specific assets.

The highest price that a security has traded at during the day.

The lowest price that a security has traded at during the day.

The trading day before the ex-dividend/distribution (ex-d) date. It is the last day on which the securities can be traded and on which the buyer is entitled to the dividend/distribution.

A stock of a company in an industry sector that is particularly sensitive to swings in economic conditions.