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A securities firm or a registered investment advisor affiliated with a firm. Brokers are the link between investors and the stock market. When acting as a broker for the purchase or sale of listed stock, the investment advisor does not own the securities but acts as an agent for the buyer and seller and charges a commission for these services.

A market in which stock prices are rising.

Expenses shown on the income statement but not yet paid. 

stock trading when the major stock exchanges are closed. 

This is an instruction you can give your broker when placing a buy or a sell order. This instruction ensures that your order will be filled in its entirety or not at all. This prevents having a partial execution of your trade.

An order that must be filled completely or the trade will not take place.

A certificate trading on a U.S. stock exchange that represents shares of a foreign corporation. 

Options that can be exercised any time during their lifetime. These are also known as open options.

Someone typically working for a brokerage house, who publishes buy/hold/sell recommendations and earnings forecasts for a stock. Buy side analysts work for institutional buyers, and sell side analysts work for brokerages. 

A publication, including financial statements and a report on operations, issued by a company to its shareholders at the company’s fiscal year-end.