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Material given to stockholders when the corporation solicits shareholder votes. The proxy statement usually contains details on the corporation’s executive compensation plans. 

The number of issued and outstanding shares of a company, excluding shares held by persons who, individually or in conjunction with other persons, hold 20% or more of the issuer’s voting securities.

A push-out occurs during a stock split when new shares are forwarded to the registered holders of old share certificates, without the holders having to surrender the old shares. Both the old and new shares have equal value.

The ratio of put trading volume divided by the call trading volume. For example, a put/call ratio of 0.74 means that for every 100 calls bought, 74 puts were bought. It is a contrary indicator. A reading of 1.0 or more is very bullish as most people think the market is going down. When the majority thinks the market is going to move a certain direction, it usually does the opposite.

Time after IPO, typically 25 days, when all parties involved in IPO are prohibited from commenting on the company’s future prospects. Analysts employed by underwriters are free to make buy/hold/sell recommendations after the Quiet Period expiration.

Market prices that have declined too steeply and too quickly.

This is an abbreviation of a stock’s price-to-earnings ratio. The price-to-earnings ratio is a stock’s share price divided by earnings per share for the company’s most recent four quarters. A projected P/E divides the share price by estimated earnings per share for the coming four quarters.

A security’s nominal face value.

An order receives a partial fill when it trades only part of its total committed volume.

With respect to stocks split or dividends, a pay date is the date that a company pays a dividend or stock split out, which is usually the day before the ex-dividend date.