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The ratio of a company’s new orders to shipments in the same period. A book to bill ratio greater than 1.0 indicates sales growth. Ratios less than 1.0 reflect shrinking sales. Used mostly in the semiconductor industry.

Orders that do not trade immediately upon entry. These orders are also known as outstanding orders.

After-tax earnings. Literally, the bottom line on an income statement (a.k.a. net income or profit). 

Rather than simply acting as an agent, an investment bank or other underwriters directly purchase securities from the issuer, usually at a discount to the market price, and then sells them to investors.

Expenses shown on the income statement but not yet paid. 

stock trading when the major stock exchanges are closed. 

This is an instruction you can give your broker when placing a buy or a sell order. This instruction ensures that your order will be filled in its entirety or not at all. This prevents having a partial execution of your trade.

An order that must be filled completely or the trade will not take place.

A certificate trading on a U.S. stock exchange that represents shares of a foreign corporation. 

Options that can be exercised any time during their lifetime. These are also known as open options.