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Cost of materials and labor required to produce products or services. Gross profit is sales minus cost of sales. 

The combined desire, ability and willingness on the part of consumers to buy goods or services. Demand is determined by income and by price, which are, in part, determined by supply.

A method of allocating shares in an IPO where you specify how much you’re willing to pay for how many shares.

A special term order in which there is a clear understanding between the buying and selling parties that the delivery of the securities will be delayed beyond the usual three-day settlement period to the date specified in the order.

Cost of materials and labor required to produce products or services. Gross profit is sales minus cost of sales. 

Options and other instrument whose value depends on an underlying security. For instance, the value of a call option on Cisco Systems (derivative) fluctuates with the price of Cisco System’s stock.

The interest rate on a bond. 

After tax 12-month’s earnings divided by the number of shares outstanding. 

The interest rate on a bond. 

Writing an option when the writer owns the underlying security, and writes the option on a one to one ratio with the stock. A short call is covered if the underlying security is owned. A short put is covered if the underlying security is also short in the account. A short call is covered if a long call of the same underlying security is owned in the same account with the same or lower strike. A short put is covered if a long put of the same underlying security is owned in the same account with a strike price equal to or greater than the strike of the short put.