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Gross profit divided by sales. 

A dividend/distribution paid in addition to the regularly established dividend/distribution of the issuer. Like all dividends/distributions, it may be paid in securities or cash and the amount, payable date, and record date are established by the issuer. The exchange that the issue is listed on sets the ex-dividend/distribution (ex-d) date for entitlement. Extra dividends/distributions are sometimes referred to as special dividends/distributions.

The true value of a stock based on criteria of the user’s choosing. A stock is said to be overvalued when the share price exceeds the fair value.

Also called income funds. Income trusts are trusts structured to own debt and equity of an underlying entity, which carries on an active business, or has royalty revenues generated by the assets of an active business. By owning securities or assets of an underlying business, an income trust is structured to distribute cash flows, typically on a monthly basis, from those businesses to unit holders in a tax-efficient manner. The trust structure is typically utilized by mature, stable, sustainable, cash-generating businesses that require a limited amount of maintenance capital expenditures. An income trust is an exchange-traded equity investment that is similar to a common share. There are four categories of income trusts: business trusts; real estate investment trusts (REITs); energy trusts; and power, pipeline, and utility trusts.

Accounting rules and procedures established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, an independent self-regulating organization. 

Charges for items that are both unusual in nature and infrequent in occurrence, such as earthquake-related losses. 

Profit a company makes on goods and services before considering overhead expenses. Gross profit is sales minus cost of sales. 

An IPO trading below its issue price in the aftermarket.

Mutual funds specializing in a specific geographic area such as Europe.

A composite representing the value of a group of stocks.