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An IPO trading below its issue price in the aftermarket.

Largest companies have most influence on index price action.

Earnings before interest and taxes. Also known as operating income. 

The cash denomination of the individual debt instrument. It is the amount of money that the holder of a debt instrument receives back from the issuer on the debt instrument’s maturity date. Face value is also referred to as par value or principal.

Indices for which there is a maximum relative weight by market capitalization for any one constituent. Any individual constituent of the index can represent no more than a specified percent of the index. The individual constituents of the S&P/TSX Capped Composite and S&P/TSX Capped 60 indices are capped at 10%, while the individual constituents of the S&P/TSX Capped sector indices are capped at 25%.

Federal Reserve Board.

Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adds these items back to reported earnings to more accurately reflect real cash earnings of company. Similar to operating cash flow, except operating cash flow also considers changes in levels of inventories and receivables.

The true value of a stock based on criteria of the user’s choosing. A stock is said to be overvalued when the share price exceeds the fair value.

A disclosure document submitted by a listed company to outline material changes in its affairs. Filing statements are not used for the purposes of a financing.

Profiting on interest rate differentials. For instance, borrowing money at a relatively low short-term rate and lending it out a higher long-term rates.