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The Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) is a consistent set of global economic sector and industry definitions. GICS are used to classify the constituents of many indices worldwide. GICS is a four-level classification system. The four levels are: sector, industry group, industry, and sub-industry. Standard & Poor’s and Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI), two providers of global indices, jointly launched GICS in 1999.

This is a demand for a client to deposit money or securities into a margin account. This can occur when a purchase is made in excess of the value of the margin account or when the value of an account decreases because the value of the securities held decreases regardless of whether a new purchase is made or not.

An order to close out an existing open futures or options contract.

The difference between a company’s or individual’s total assets and its total liabilities. Also known as shareholders’ equity for a company.

A reorganization that usually results in a newly listed issuer acquiring a business division or assets as its principal operating asset from another issuer (the reorganized issuer), with security holders of the reorganized issuer holding securities in both issuers, following completion of the reorganization.

The place where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods and services. It also represents the actual or potential demand for a product or service.

The term used to describe a security that is in proper form to transfer title, which means that the registered owner has endorsed it. To settle a sale, the certificate must be surrendered on good delivery by the seller. A certificate that bears a share transfer restriction will not constitute good delivery. The term used to describe a security that is in proper form to transfer title, which means that the registered owner has endorsed it. To settle a sale, the certificate must be surrendered on good delivery by the seller. A certificate that bears a share transfer restriction will not constitute good delivery.

Products used for commerce that are traded on a separate, authorized commodities exchange. Commodities include agricultural products and natural resources such as timber, oil and metals. Commodities are the basis for futures contracts traded on these exchanges.

A security issue that is newly added to the list of tradable security issues of an exchange. It is accompanied with a new listing date.

Occurs concurrently with the posting of the new issuer’s securities for trading. The preconditions for listing include the acceptance by the Exchange that all listing requirements and conditions have been satisfied. The effective listing date is the date when the listed securities open for trading.