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Total long term debt divided by total shareholder equity.

Occurs concurrently with the posting of the new issuer’s securities for trading. The preconditions for listing include the acceptance by the Exchange that all listing requirements and conditions have been satisfied. The effective listing date is the date when the listed securities open for trading.

The buyer of an option contract who has the right to exercise the option during its lifetime.

companies in related businesses.

Total (short and long term) debt divided by total shareholder equity. 

This is an abbreviation of a stock’s price-to-earnings ratio. The price-to-earnings ratio is a stock’s share price divided by earnings per share for the company’s most recent four quarters. A projected P/E divides the share price by estimated earnings per share for the coming four quarters.

An IPO (initial public offering) is an issuer’s first offering of its securities made to the public in accordance with a prospectus. The offering is often made in conjunction with an issuer’s initial application for listing on an exchange.

An individual option contract for a given security.

A company’s first issue of shares to the general public.

The total dollar value of volume traded on one side of the transaction for a specified period. It equals price multiplied by volume divided by 100.