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The number of shares that will be outstanding after an IPO.

Latest share price divided by 12-month earnings per share (eps). Also a measure of the market’s enthusiasm for a company.

This is the price at which a security opens for the trading day. A stock can open at the previous closing price, gap up or gap down.

Total of after tax (bottom line) earnings divided by number of common shares including unexercised stock options, and unconverted preferred stock and convertible bonds. Undiluted earnings would be after tax earnings divided by issued stock only, not considering outstanding options, etc.

These are a type of stock issued by a company. Preferred shares give such shareholders a fixed dividend from the company’s earnings. Preferred shareholders also get paid before common shareholders.

Initial investment capital necessary for starting a business. Investment capital usually consists of inventory, equipment, pre-opening expenses and leaseholds.

Investors buy shares directly from fund, and sell shares directly to fund. Share price is Net Asset Value (NAV).

Latest share price divided by 12-month sales per share.

A plan implemented by a corporation allowing purchase of shares, or fractions of shares, directly from the company, usually on a regular basis. 

Debt instruments. Preferred shareholders are paid ahead of common stock holders in the event the corporation is liquidated. Convertible preferred shares can be converted into common stock according to predetermined conditions.