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An investor involved in financing a company’s operations before going public in exchange for an ownership percentage.

A price gap describes the situation where a stock opens at a price either higher or lower than the closing price the day before. This usually happens when some news affecting the value of the stock is announced after the market closes, e.g., positive or negative earnings, a buy-out, etc. Stocks that gap at the open often move back toward the previous close before moving again, but not always. Strong news such as projected higher earnings from the company tend to drive the stock without the pull back.

An order from a retail customer of a Participating Organization.

When the market or security tends to vary often and wildly in prices, it is said to be volatile.

Operating income divided by sales.

Analyst working for mutual fund or other institutional investor. We don’t usually get to see their reports.

A trading halt is imposed by the exchange, usually due to the dissemination of news that might impact a stock’s price.

All options of the same type, either calls or puts, that have the same underlying security.

If a broker fails to deliver securities sold to another broker on the settlement date, the receiving broker may buy the securities at the current market price of the stock and charge the delivering broker the cost difference of such a purchase.

The status of a listed security of an issuer whose trading privileges are active on the Exchange.