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Companies currently out of favor with investors. These companies usually have low valuation ratios (price/earnings less than the S&P 500, price/sales ratio less than 2, price/book ratio less than 2). 

Accounting rules and procedures established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, an independent self-regulating organization. 

An investor involved in financing a company’s operations before going public in exchange for an ownership percentage.

Mutual funds specializing in a specific geographic area such as Europe.

When the market or security tends to vary often and wildly in prices, it is said to be volatile.

The Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) is a consistent set of global economic sector and industry definitions. GICS are used to classify the constituents of many indices worldwide. GICS is a four-level classification system. The four levels are: sector, industry group, industry, and sub-industry. Standard & Poor’s and Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI), two providers of global indices, jointly launched GICS in 1999.

The measurement of how much an underlying security fluctuates over a period of time.

The term used to describe a security that is in proper form to transfer title, which means that the registered owner has endorsed it. To settle a sale, the certificate must be surrendered on good delivery by the seller. A certificate that bears a share transfer restriction will not constitute good delivery. The term used to describe a security that is in proper form to transfer title, which means that the registered owner has endorsed it. To settle a sale, the certificate must be surrendered on good delivery by the seller. A certificate that bears a share transfer restriction will not constitute good delivery.

Volume is the daily number of shares of a security that are traded. Volume is one of the most important indicators we watch. Its relation with price movements tells us 90% of the story behind a stock?s movement and future movements. At its simplest, increased volume on increasing prices shows accumulation. Increased volume on lower prices shows distribution. There are many variations on this theme, and we spend a great deal of time poring over price/volume relations to determine which way a stock will move.

Buy or sell limit order will expire at close of trading if not executed.