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All shares representing ownership of a company, including preferred and common shares.

This is the price at which a security opens for the trading day. A stock can open at the previous closing price, gap up or gap down.

When two or more indicators, indexes, or averages, fail to show confirming trends.

An electronic record of all pending buy and sell orders for a particular stock.

A disclosure system that facilitates certain Canadian-U.S. cross-border securities offerings, issuer bids and takeover bids. It is intended to reduce costly duplication of disclosure requirements and other filings when issuers from one country register securities offerings in the other. Under the rules, eligible cross-border offerings are governed by the disclosure requirements of the issuer’s home country.

The ratio of a company’s new orders to shipments in the same period. A book to bill ratio greater than 1.0 indicates sales growth. Ratios less than 1.0 reflect shrinking sales. Used mostly in the semiconductor industry.

Orders placed before the market opens to buy or sell shares of stocks when their options expire. These orders are guaranteed a complete fill at the opening price to offset expiring options. They must be ordered between 4:15 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. on the Thursday before the third Friday of each month.

Orders that do not trade immediately upon entry. These orders are also known as outstanding orders.

A seller of an option contract who does not own a position in the underlying security.

After-tax earnings. Literally, the bottom line on an income statement (a.k.a. net income or profit).