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The date when a securities buyer must pay for a purchase or a seller must deliver the securities sold. Settlement must be made on or before the third business day following the transaction date in most cases.

A paper certificate that represents the number of shares an investor owns.

The difference between the total of assets and liabilities shown on a company’s balance sheet. Book value is the shareholders equity divided by the number of outstanding shares.

mutual funds specializing in a particular industry sector such as computers, or health care.

Transferable certificates of ownership of investment products such as notes, bonds, stocks, futures contracts and options.

Each province has a securities commission or administrator that oversees the provincial securities act. This act is a set of laws and regulations that set down the rules under which securities may be issued or traded in that province.

The shares or stock sold by a company to provide start-up capital before carrying out an initial public offering (IPO).

Sales at retail stores or restaurants open at least one year. A chain’s same store sales growth excludes gains due to increases in the number of stores. Same store sales growth in the 5 percent to 10 percent range is considered good.

Searching the entire universe of mutual funds or stocks meeting user-specified criteria.

The traditional term for membership on a stock exchange. An investment dealer or brokerage buys a seat on the exchange and one employee is designated as the seat holder. As Toronto Stock Exchange is now demutualized, there are no longer seats on the exchange.